The saddest thing about this class for me was that it was clear that Prof. Lall actually cared about it and wanted us to learn about the topics presented. This is because he utterly failed in this regard. The lectures were dry, vague, convoluted, contradictory, and utterly useless if you wanted to download them from courseworks and study them. The latter characteristic has no real significance, however, as none of the homeworks or exams have any connection to the lectures. The graded assignments are all math and equation based, and if you can plug in numbers, you can get an A. The term project consists of a lot of research, a presentation, and a paper as a group of 3-6 and is not really that big of a deal; it is very open-ended and can be as everyday or as outrageous as you want.